Investigating exposure to toxicants from smoking and vaping | C4C

a) Although much safer than smoking, vaping is not risk free. This study will measure differences in levels of biomarkers of exposure and harm related to tobacco exposure, among people who use community mental health services, who vape compared to those who smoke, dual use, or do not smoke or vape over 6 months. b) Smoking exposes people to substances which often increase the need for higher doses of medication. People who vape are exposed to less of those substances but, they are exposed to different substances which also may increase the need for higher doses of medication. Therefore, we will assess differences in levels of clozapine and its metabolites at baseline and 6 months.